(a) Early-age volume change and cracking
(i) Thermally induced volume change and cracking
(ii) Plastic shrinkage and settlement cracking
(iii) Chemical and autogenous volume change and cracking
(iv) Drying shrinkage and cracking
(v) Restrained element testing (rings and cracking frames)
(vi) Shrinkage reducing admixtures
(vii) Internal curing
(viii) Expansive additives
(ix) Volume change of specialty cements
(b) Durability and service life
(i) Alkali-Silica reactivity
(ii) Chloride and carbonation-induced corrosion
(iii) Scaling, rreeze-thaw, and deicing salts
(iv) Deicing chemicals
(v) Transport testing and multi-species modeling
(vi) Modeling steel corrosion in concrete
(vii) Service life prediction
(viii) Microbially induced concrete corrosion
(c) Microstructural characterization
(i) Scanning electron microscopy
1. Damage mechanisms
2. Degree of hydration
3. Phase development and quantification
4. Influence of SCMs, additives
5. Alternative binders
a. Calcium aluminate cement
b. Calcium sulfoaluminate cements
(ii) Hydration kinetics
(iii) Thermal techniques
(iv) XRD
(v) XRF
(vi) Pore solution analysis
(vii) Pore size distribution and quantification
(viii) Neutron Imaging
(ix) X-Ray CT
(x) Thermodynamic modeling
(d) Sustainable and Alternative Binders
(i) SCM
(ii) Limestone additions
(iii) Calcium aluminate cements
(iv) Carbonating cements
(e) Specialty Concrete
(i) Phase change materials
(ii) Pervious concrete
(iii) Recycled concrete
(iv) Alternative concrete materials